Backdoor Roth IRA
A two-step legal workaround letting high earners above Roth IRA income limits still fund a Roth IRA: contribute to a nondeductible traditional IRA, then convert to Roth.
The contribution to a traditional IRA has no income limit (only the deduction does). The conversion to Roth also has no income limit. Together they're a two-step Roth IRA. The catch is the IRS pro-rata rule: if you hold any pretax IRA money on Dec 31, the conversion is taxed proportionally on all IRA balances, not just the nondeductible contribution. So keep a $0 traditional IRA balance at year-end by rolling existing pretax IRAs into your 401(k) first. Done cleanly, you contribute $7,500 (or $8,600 if 50+) of Roth money each year regardless of how much you earn.